Background: The global geopolitical system consists of several geopolitical regions, the geopolitical factors (fixed and variable) in each region are different from other regions, and one of these different regions in the peripheral territory of Iran is the South Caucasus region, which Geopolitical developments in the Caucasus can be considered an important part of the security challenges of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
The goal: to explain the effect of the geopolitical roots of the wars in Karabagh on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Research method: The type of research was applied and its method was descriptive (content analysis).
Findings: The formation of wars in the South Caucasus from the perspective of nationalist roots, leading to the identification of six factors (absence of absolute sovereignty in Georgia - the confrontation of Pan-Turkism with the Armenians of the region - the spread of Pan-Turkism in the region - political and cultural streamlining - the formation of an independent government Armenia - Russia's influence in the separatist regions) has become the Islamic Republic of Iran, which are ranked first to sixth, respectively, and in the dimension of religious roots, five factors (ethnic and religious tensions (Islam/Christianity) - opposition to the Islamic revolution - The natural foundations - opposition of Salafist thinking with Islam - orientation towards Russia) have been in the first to fifth place, respectively.
Conclusion: Nationalist roots and religious roots, while threatening the security of the region, also affect the national security of Iran.