Objective: The Caspian region, as one of the world's strategic and sensitive areas, has been a battleground for regional and extra-regional actors competing over national interests and security concerns. Disputes over energy resources, the legal regime, ethnic issues, and environmental concerns, combined with differences in security perceptions and unequal power distribution, have led to divergence among the coastal states. The militarization of the Caspian Sea has significantly influenced the region’s security, political, and economic dynamics, necessitating a comprehensive analysis of its implications for Iran’s national security.
Methodology: This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected through expert panels, interviews, and surveys with specialists in security and geopolitics who have experience in Caspian affairs.
Findings: The findings indicate that while Russia has played a dominant role in strengthening its military presence, other coastal states have also actively participated in this militarization process. Moreover, Azerbaijan’s reliance on extra-regional powers, such as the United States and Turkey, has further contributed to the military buildup in the region.
Originality: This study highlights the impact of Caspian militarization on Iran's national security, emphasizing that increased military activities, particularly the presence of extra-regional powers, could pose a serious threat to Iran’s strategic interests.